The Battle Of Marilao River

Today in Philippine History (Philatelic Edition Series 2):

MARCH 27, 1899

The Battle of Marilao River, a part of the U.S. campaign to capture Malolos was fought between American troops and Filipino forces personally led by President Emilio Aguinaldo in Marilao, Bulacan. 

The combined troops of Gen. Isidro Torres, Gen. Pantaleon Garcia (who came down from Dagupan with 1,000 riflemen and 4,000 men with bolos) and Col. Enrique Pacheco engaged the Americans. 

They destroyed bridges to delay the arrival of U.S. artillery units but the Americans gained superiority in the battle when gunboats were used to fire at the Filipinos' positions. 

The Filipino troops retreated after suffering heavy casualties.

(Design, concept, stamps and research: Richard Allan B. Uy)

All rights reserved

Photo credit: malacanang.org.ph

Gen. Crispulo Aguinaldo Dies In Battle

Today in Philippine History (Philatelic Edition Series 2):

MARCH 24, 1897

Gen. Crispulo Aguinaldo, the older brother of Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo was killed in the Battle of Pasong Santol. 

He offered to take his sibling's place in leading the Philippine Army in the battlefield so Emilio can take his oath as president. 

A month before his death, he killed in hand to hand combat Gen. Antonio Zabala, the commander of the Spanish forces in Dasmariñas, Cavite. 

The Battle of Pasong Santol, was part of an all-out campaign by interim Spanish Gov. Gen. Jose de Lachambre to recapture Cavite after their loss in the Battles of Binakayan and Dalahican.

(Design, concept, stamps and research: Richard Allan B. Uy) All rights reserved

Photo credit: wikipedia.org and quazoo.com 

Gen. Frederick Funston Captures Pres. Emilio Aguinaldo

Today in Philippine History (Philatelic Edition):

MARCH 23, 1901

American General Frederick Funston successfully captured President Emilio Aguinaldo in a house in Palanan, Isabela. 

His capture was a well-planned action that involved 78 Macabebe Scouts who were loyal to the Americans. 

They posed as the added reinforcements to augment Aguinaldo’s forces along with the five ex-Philippine Army officers Gregorio Cadhit, Cecilio Segismundo, Hilario Tal Placido, Dionisio Bato and Lazaro Segovia. 

(Design, concept, stamps and research: Richard Allan B. Uy) All rights reserved

Photo credit: wikipedia.org

Emilio Aguinaldo Dies At 94

 

Today in Philippine History (Philatelic Edition):

FEBRUARY 6, 1964

Emilio Aguinaldo (March 22, 1869 - February 6, 1964), the President of the First Philippine Republic and the first Philippine President, died at the age of 94. 

Earlier, on October 5, 1962, he was taken to the Veterans Memorial Hospital under the medical care of Dr. Juana Blanco Fernandez, MD. 

He was confined for 469 days until his death due to coronary thrombosis. President Diosdado Macapagal issued an executive proclamation that called for a 15-day period of national mourning in honor of the revolutionary leader. 

President Macapagal also ordered that Camp Murphy, named after American Governor General Frank Murphy, be renamed Camp Aguinaldo, which is the headquarters of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. 

A composite battalion of troops was ordered to escort the late president’s body to his residence in Kawit. 

On February 15, the necrological services were held with President Macapagal, Senator Ferdinand Marcos, House Speaker Cornelio Villareal and Justice Sabino Padilla in attendance. 

The following day, the state funeral was attended by Macapagal and Marcos, along with other government officials. 

At noon, he was laid to rest with his body interred in a tomb built on the grounds of his residence. 

A year before his death, President Emilio Aguinaldo donated his lot and mansion to the government.

(Design, concept, stamps and research: Richard Allan Uy) All rights reserved

Photo credit: Museo ni Emilio Aguinaldo

Inauguration Of The First Philippine Republic

Today in Philippine History (Philatelic Edition):

JANUARY 23, 1899

The First Philippine Republic also known as the Malolos Republic was inaugurated in Barasoain Church in Malolos, Bulacan, making the Philippines the first independent republic in Asia. 

Emilio Aguinaldo became the first president and adopted the Constitución Política de la República Filipina, drawn up by the Philippine Constitutional Convention which replaced the dictatorial  government. 

The republic ended after Aguinaldo took his oath of allegiance to the United States on April 1, 1901 and recognized American sovereignty over the Philippines.

(Design, concept, stamps and research: Richard Allan Uy) All rights reserved

Photo credit: watawat.net

Pres. Emilio Aguinaldo Protests U.S. Troops Cruelty

Today in Philippine History (Philatelic Edition):

JANUARY 17, 1901

Pres. Emilio Aguinaldo issued a manifesto protesting the cruelties of American troops in the Philippine-American War. 

Part of his manifesto says: "The heart-breaking sighs of the oppressed and of their families, and the energetic protests of all the Filipino people reach me in my distant camp, because of the unequalled cruelties and the cynical violations of the most elemental laws of war perpetrated by the imperialists, who, on the pretext that the unfortunate victims have killed an American, hang the prisoners of war in a way which is repugnant to humanity.."      

(Design, concept, stamps and reaearch: Richard Allan Uy) All rights reserved

Photo credit: philippineamericanwar.webs.comi

The Battle Of Mt. Bimmuaya

Today in Philippine History (Philatelic Edition Series 2):

JANUARY 15, 1900

The Battle of Mt. Bimmuaya was an artillery duel between the 3rd US Cavalry Regiment, the US 33rd Infantry Regiment USV (the unit that killed Gen. Gregorio del Pilar in Tirad Pass), and the forces of Pres. Emilio Aguinaldo. 

The two-day battle that began on January 14, 1900 delayed US troops in their quest to capture Aguinaldo who escaped through Abra and the mountain provinces. 

Gen. Manuel Tinio with Capt. Estanislao Reyes and Capt. Francisco Celedonio who were in the battle zone escaped unharmed.         

(Design, concept, stamps and research: Richard Allan Uy) All rights reserved

Photo credit: philippineamericanwar.webs.com and en.wikipedia.org

Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo Renounces The Treaty Of Paris

Today in Philippine History (Philatelic Edition):

JANUARY 10, 1899

Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo renounced the Treaty of Paris which annexed the Philippines to the United States. 

The signing of the treaty on December 10, 1898 ended the Spanish-American War with Spain ceding the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico to America. 

In return, the US paid Spain the amount of US $20 million for the Philippines. 

Tensions grew between American and Filipino troops. Radical leaders Apolinario Mabini and Gen. Antonio Luna were poised for war and provisions were added to the constitution giving Aguinaldo dictatorial powers. 

(Design, concept, stamps and research: Richard Allan Uy) All rights reserved

Photo credit: depot.library.wisc.edu

Severino delas Alas

Today in Philippine History (Philatelic Edition):

JANUARY 8, 1851

Severino delas Alas (January 8, 1851 - November 4,1918), one of the signatories of the Biak-na-Bato Constitution and founder of the Colegio de San Juan de Letran, was born in Indang Cavite. 

He joined the Katipunan in 1896 and was known as Di-Kilala. He was the Director of Grace and Justice in Andres Bonifacio’s Naic Assembly in 1897. 

He later joined Emilio Aguinaldo as the Director of Interior of the Malolos Republic. 

During the Philippine-American War, he surrendered to the Americans together with Gen. Mariano Trias and Ladislao Diwa in 1901.

(Design, concept, stamps and research: Richard Allan Uy) All rights reserved

Photo credit: gracedauz-philhistoryinretrospect blogspot.com

The Battle Of Imus

Today in Philippine History (Philatelic Edition):

JANUARY 7, 1900

The Battle of Imus was fought between Filipino revolutionaries and American troops in Imus, Cavite. 

Col. William Edward Birkhimer’s 28th Volunteer Infantry Regiment engaged a large number of Filipinos under Pres. Emilio Aguinaldo in the two-hour battle. 

Birkhimer reported three Americans were killed while eight were wounded. Filipino casualties reached 65 dead and more than 40 wounded. 

A day earlier, an American newspaper, Guthrie Daily Leader in Guthrie, Oklahoma reported a high incidence of insanity among American troops in the Philippines.     

(Design, concept, stamps and research: Richard Allan Uy) All rights reserved

Photo credit: philippineamericanwar.webs.com

Pres. Emilio Aguinaldo Issues A Manifesto

Today in Philippine History (Philatelic Edition):

JANUARY 5, 1899

Emilio Aguinaldo issued a manifesto protesting Pres. William McKinley’s Benevolent Assimilation Declaration and the designation of Gen. Elwell Otis as military governor. 

He added “I protest in the name of God, based upon justice and law, that I have been visibly designated to lead my countrymen in the task for their regeneration against this American intrusion. 

I also protest in the name of all the people in the Philippines; these people have chosen me to lead their destiny; my duty is therefore to fight until my last breath for her independence.”    

(Design, concept, stamps and research: Richard Allan Uy) All rights reserved

Photo credit: en.wikipedia.org

Apolinario Mabini Gets Post As Council Of Government President

Today in Philippine History (Philatelic Edition):

JANUARY 2, 1899

Pres. Emilio Aguinaldo through a decree, appointed his chief adviser Apolinario Mabini as president of the Council of Government. 

Mabini’s post was equivalent to that of a Prime Minister  position. The office of the Council of Government was composed of a President and seven secretaries. 

The secretaries have under his charge the portfolios of Foreign Relations, Interior, Finance, War and Marine, Public Education, Communications and Public Works, and Agriculture, Industry, and Commerce. 

(Design, concept, stamps and research: Richard Allan Uy) All rights reserved

Photo credit: www.tumblr.com

The Pact Of Biak-Na-Bato

Today in Philippine History (Philatelic Edition):

DECEMBER 14, 1897

The Pact of Biak-na-Bato, an agreement that ended the hostilities between the Spanish government and Filipino revolutionaries was signed by Spanish Governor-General Fernando Primo de Rivera and Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo. 

The agreement resulted in the voluntary exile of Aguinaldo and his associates to Hong Kong with $400,000 (Mexican). 

Signed in San Miguel, Bulacan, the pact was composed of three parts. The first two were signed on December 14 while the third was signed on December 15, 1897.   

(Design, concept, stamps and research: Richard Allan Uy) All rights reserved

Photo credit: en.wikipedia.org

The 1898 Treaty Of Paris

Today in Philippine History (Philatelic Edition):

DECEMBER 10, 1898

The 1898 Treaty of Paris was signed between Spain and the United States in Paris, France. This agreement formally ended the Spanish-American War that resulted in Spain’s surrendering the control of Cuba and ceding Puerto Rico, parts of the Spanish West Indies in Guam, and the Philippines. 

Emilio Aguinaldo tasked Felipe Agoncillo to represent the First Philippine Republic in the negotiation but was denied and ignored by Spain and the American delegates of Pres. William McKinley. 

The United States paid Spain $20 million for the cession of the Philippines.     

(Design, concept, stamps and research: Richard Allan Uy) All rights reserved

Photo credit: philippineamericanwar webs com

Felipe Agoncillo Heads The Diplomatic Commission

Today in Philippine History (Philatelic Edition):

NOVEMBER 23, 1898

Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo created a commission headed by Felipe Agoncillo that was tasked to let the world know that the Philippines was ready for self governance after Philippine independence was declared on June 12, 1898. 

Diplomatic positions were also created with Agoncillo, handling the assignment to the United States, Mariano Ponce and Faustino Lichauco for Japan, Juan Luna and Pedro Roxas for France, Eriberto Zarcal for Australia, and Antonio Regidor for England. 

Emiliano Riego de Dios was appointed as vice-president of the diplomatic commission. 

(Design, concept, stamps and research: Richard Allan B. Uy) All rights reserved

Photo credit: findingfelipe.wordpress.com

American Pursuit To Capture Aguinaldo Continues

Today in Philippine History (Philatelic Edition):

NOVEMBER 20, 1899

In their pursuit for Pres. Emilio Aguinaldo and his party, who retreated northward, Brig. Gen. Arthur MacArthur Jr. and Maj. Gen. Henry W. Lawton’s columns link up with Brig. Gen. Loyd  Wheaton’s in Dagupan, that ended the overt warfare in Pangasinan and completing the American conquest of the province. 

Nine days earlier, Aguinaldo tasked Gen. Manuel Tinio, who was based in Vigan, Ilocos Sur, to block the American advances in San Jacinto. 

Entrenchments were put up west of the town. Not long after, the Battle of San Jacinto took place.

(Design, concept, stamps and research: Richard Allan Uy) All rights reserved

Photo credit: philippineamericanwar.webs.com

Pres. Aguinaldo Escapes By Train

Today in Philippine History (Philatelic Edition):

NOVEMBER 13, 1899

Pres. Emilio Aguinaldo with his entourage left Bayambang by special train to Calasiao. From there, they marched to the town of Pozorrubio and arrived the following day.

Maj. Gen. Henry Lawton who was on pursuit captured the towns of San Jose and Lupao in Nueva Ecija, and the Pangasinan towns of San Nicolas, Umingan, San Quintin and Tayug.

The campaign to trap Aguinaldo began on October 12 until November 20, 1899, and was a three-pronged operation consisting of the forces of Lawton, Gen. Lloyd Wheaton and Gen. Arthur MacArthur Jr.

(Design, concept, stamps and research: Richard Allan Uy) All rights reserved

Photo credit: http://philippineamericanwar.webs.com

Pres. Aguinaldo Establishes The Academia Militar

Today in Philippine History (Philatelic Edition):

OCTOBER 25, 1898

Pres. Emilio Aguinaldo issued a decree that established the Academia Militar in Malolos, Bulacan. 

The task to organize the training school for future officers of the armed forces was given to Gen. Antonio Luna, the secretary of war. 

Luna recruited the best officers of the Spanish Guardia Civil to be the faculty of the institution with Spanish officer, Col. Manuel Bernal Sityar, Jr. as the first superintendent. 

On January 20, 1899, the Academia was deactivated after tensions erupted between the Filipinos and Americans that led to the Philippine-American War.

(Design, concept, stamps and research: Richard Allan Uy) All rights reserved

Photo credit: philippineamericanwar.webs.com

Emilio Aguinaldo Appoints Secretaries And Directors

Today in Philippine History (Philatelic Edition):

SEPTEMBER 26, 1898

Emilio Aguinaldo issued a decree designating department secretaries and directors. 

They were: Sec. Cayetano Arellano (Foreign Affairs); Dir. Trinidad Pardo H. de Tavera (Foreign Affairs); Dir.  Pascual Ledesma (Marine & Commerce); Dir. Felipe Buencamino (War); Dir. Arsenio Cruz Herrera (Public Instruction); Dir. Jose Alejandrino (Agriculture & Industry); Dir. Severino de las Alas (Public Works); Dir. Jose Vales (Communications); Dir. Jose Albert (Health); Sec. Gregorio Araneta (Justice); Dir. Jose Basa (Justice); and Dir. Juan Tangco (Registry).   

(Design, concept, stamps and research: Richard Allan B. Uy) All rights reserved

Photo credit: philippineamericanwar.webs.com